Insufficient exposure to the sun, or pigmentation of the skin (which diminishes the production of vitamin D precursors), usually gives rise to low levels of Vitamin D.
Of course, one needs to ensure that excess may be harmful because of the presence of the UV rays. Sunlight consists of two types of solar radiation UVA and UVB. The former results in reddening and burning of the skin, while the latter increases the production of an inactive form or precursor of vitamin D by the skin. This, in turn, is activated by the liver and kidneys.
Moreover, both UVA and UVB increase the risk of skin cancer. This could take the form of the most deadly type of cancer called melanoma.
Hence, one must invariably take a balanced approach to sunlight exposure.
Incidentally, deficiency of vitamin D deficiency could give rise to complications like low bone density, broken bones due to osteoporosis, muscle weakness, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer with fears of premature death.
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